“The Senate is making history,” an elated Senate Majority Leader Chuck Schumer said, after pumping his fists in the air as Democrats cheered and their staff members responded to the vote with a standing ovation.

“To Americans who’ve lost faith that Congress can do big things, this bill is for you”, he said. “This bill is going to change America for decades”.

Schumer said the legislation contains “the boldest clean energy package in American history” to fight climate change while reducing consumer costs for energy and some medicines.

Democrats have drawn harsh attacks from Republicans over the legislation’s US$430 billion in new spending and roughly US$740 billion in new revenue.

Nevertheless, Democrats hope its passage, ahead of an August recess, will help Democratic House and Senate candidates in the November 8 midterm elections at a time when Biden is suffering from anaemic public approval ratings amid high inflation.

The legislation is aimed at reducing carbon emissions and shifting consumers to green energy, while cutting prescription medication costs for the elderly and tightening enforcement on taxes for corporations and the wealthy.

Because the measure pays for itself and reduces the federal deficit over time, Democrats contend that it will help bring down inflation, an economic liability that has also weighed on their hopes of retaining legislative control in the run-up to the 2024 presidential election.

Republicans, arguing that the bill will not address inflation, have denounced the measure as a job-killing, left-wing spending wish list that could undermine growth when the economy is in danger of falling into recession.

Democrats approved the bill by using a parliamentary manoeuvre called “reconciliation”, which allows budget-related legislation to avoid the 100-seat chamber’s 60-vote threshold for most bills and pass on a simple majority.

Joe Biden hails breakthrough on health, climate spending bill

After several hours of debate, the Senate began a rapid-fire “vote-a-rama” on Democratic and Republican amendments on Saturday evening that stretched into Sunday afternoon.

The bill passed after Democrats defeated a Republican effort to extend a cap on state and local tax deductions that could have undermined support among Democrats from northeastern states.

Democrats also repelled more than 30 Republican amendments, points of order and motions, all intended to scupper the legislation. Any change in the bill’s contents wrought by an amendment could have unravelled the Democrats’ 50-senator coalition needed to keep the legislation on track.

But they were unable to muster the votes necessary to retain a provision to cap soaring insulin costs at US$35 a month on the private health insurance market, which fell outside the reconciliation rules. Democrats said the legislation would still limit insulin costs for those on Medicare.

Independent Senator Bernie Sanders, who aligns with Democrats, offered a number of amendments to expand Medicare, create a civilian conservation corps and reduce child poverty, only to be defeated by lawmakers from both parties.

In a foreshadowing of the coming autumn election campaign, Republicans used their amendment defeats to attack vulnerable Democrats who are seeking re-election in November.

“Democrats vote again to allow chaos on the southern border to continue,” read a statement from Senate Republican leader Mitch McConnell that named Democratic Senators Mark Kelly of Arizona, Catherine Cortez Masto of Nevada, Maggie Hassan of New Hampshire and Raphael Warnock of Georgia. All four are facing tight contests for re-election.

That followed the defeat of a Republican proposal to codify into law a Trump administration policy stemming from the Covid-19 pandemic that effectively closed down the US asylum system for immigrants.

The Biden administration has struggled in court to replace the “Title 42” policy with what it described as a more humane and orderly system for migrants crossing the border with Mexico.