Many of those rescued had been trapped in their cars trying to cross flood-swept roads or were unable to leave homes surrounded by rising waters.

Emergency services had made 116 flood rescues in recent days, 83 of them since 9pm on Sunday, he said. Hundreds more requests for help were made by Monday morning.

Australia’s Meteorology Bureau Manager Jane Golding said some areas between Newcastle, north of Sydney, and Wollongong, south of Sydney had received more than a metre (39 inches) of rain in the previous 24 hours. Some has received more than 1.5 metres (59 inches).

Australia has been at the sharp end of climate change, with droughts, deadly bush fires, bleaching events on the Great Barrier Reef and floods becoming more common and intense as global weather patterns change.

Higher temperatures mean the atmosphere holds more moisture, unleashing more rain.

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About 32,000 people were under orders to evacuate or be ready to flee across New South Wales, the state’s emergency services said.

The army sent 100 troops to help operations in the storm-battered state.

“The ground is saturated, the rivers are fast flowing, the dams are overflowing,” said State Emergency Services commissioner Carlene York.

“It is particularly dangerous out there.”

Mud-brown river waters transformed a large stretch of land into a lake in the southwestern Sydney suburb of Camden.

Roads disappeared into the waters and mobile homes stood in knee-high water, at least one toppled on its side, television images showed.

Large volumes of water gushed from the Warragamba Dam, which has been spilling excess water since Sunday.

The huge concrete dam lies on the western outskirts of Sydney and provides most of the city’s drinking water.

The wild weather whipped up drama off the Sydney coast, as the 150-metre Portland Bay cargo ship with 21 crew lost power in heavy seas.

The Hong Kong-registered bulk carrier initially dropped two anchors to hold its position off the coastal cliffs, officials said.

Plans for a helicopter rescue were dropped because of the conditions.

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But later in the day, three tugboats managed to start towing the vessel and its crew to deeper water to undertake repairs, the state port authority said.

Australia’s east coast has suffered repeated flooding in the past 18 months.

More than 20 people died only in March this year as floodwaters lapped at rooftops and torrents swept cars off roads.

The current weather system over Sydney is being fed by warm, wet air from near the equator, said Kimberley Reid, an atmospheric scientist at Monash University.

Rainfall in eastern Australia is highly variable, making it hard to pin this event to climate change, she said.

“However, our research of the March 2021 Sydney floods found that similar events over Sydney were likely to occur 80 per cent more often by the end of the 21st century.”

Australia must prepare for more regular flooding events, New South Wales Premier Dominic Perrottet told a news conference.

“There is no doubt these events are becoming more common,” he said.

“Governments need to adjust and make sure that we respond to the changing environment we find ourselves in.”

Additional reporting by Associated Press